Common Lilac, French Lilac
Kingdom: Plantae, Division: Angiosperms, Class: Eudicots, Order: Lamiales, Family: Oleaceae, Genus: Syringa, Species: Syringa vulgaris · Oleaceae (Olive family) · Simple, Deciduous
Species
Syringa vulgaris
Leaf Type
Simple, Deciduous
Family
Oleaceae (Olive family)
Shape
Ovate to Cordate (heart-shaped)
Size
Approximately 2 to 5 inches long; this specimen appears to be on the smaller side of the range (about 2.5 inches).
Margin
Entire (smooth, no teeth)
Arrangement
Opposite
Rarity
Very Common; widely used in landscaping and found in many older gardens.
Color & Pattern
Deep green upper surface, slightly lighter pale green beneath; no variegation; turns yellow or brownish-green in autumn.
Venation Pattern
Pinnate with visible reticulate (net-like) secondary veins.
Texture & Surface
Smooth (glabrous) and slightly leathery to the touch; matte finish.
Description
A large deciduous shrub or multi-stemmed small tree known for its highly fragrant clusters of purple, pink, or white flowers in spring. The leaves are smooth, heart-shaped, and provide a dense green backdrop during the summer. Bark is gray-brown and becomes flaky with age.
Key Features
Heart-shaped base, smooth margins, opposite arrangement, and a long petiole. Lacks any teeth on the edges.
Habitat
Prefers cool summer climates, neutral to slightly alkaline well-drained soil, and full sun exposure.
Geographic Range
Native to the Balkan Peninsula in Southeastern Europe; widely naturalized and cultivated across North America and Europe.
Condition Notes
The leaf appears healthy with a uniform green color. There is no evidence of common powdery mildew which often affects this species in humid late-summer conditions. Grade: Excellent.
Interesting Facts
Lilacs were brought to the North American colonies in the 1700s and were favorited by Thomas Jefferson and George Washington. They are the state flower of New Hampshire.
Medicinal & Uses
Primary use is ornamental for its fragrance and flowers. Oil can be extracted for perfumes. In traditional folk medicine, it was sometimes used as an anti-pyretic (to reduce fever).
Ecological Role
Provides nectar for butterflies and moths (like the Sphinx Moth) and cover for small birds. It is not a major food plant for general wildlife.
Similar Species
Catalpa (much larger leaves), Redbud (similar shape but alternate arrangement), and Mock Orange (serrated margins).
Foraging Tips
Identify in early spring by the iconic fragrance. Look for the distinctive opposite branching habit and large, pointed terminal buds in winter.
Toxicity Warning
Non-toxic to humans and most pets (non-toxic rating), though ingestion is not recommended as it may cause minor stomach upset.