Red Clover, Purple Clover, Meadow Clover
Kingdom: Plantae, Division: Tracheophyta, Class: Magnoliopsida, Order: Fabales, Family: Fabaceae, Genus: Trifolium, Species: Trifolium pratense · Fabaceae (Legume, Pea, or Bean family) · Compound, specifically trifoliate (three leaflets). Deciduous/short-lived perennial herbaceous plant.
Species
Trifolium pratense
Leaf Type
Compound, specifically trifoliate (three leaflets). Deciduous/short-lived perennial herbaceous plant.
Family
Fabaceae (Legume, Pea, or Bean family)
Shape
Oval to elliptical or obovate leaflets.
Size
Leaflets are typically 0.5 to 1.2 inches long and 0.3 to 0.6 inches wide. This specimen appears within the standard mature size range.
Margin
Entire to very finely serrulate (mostly smooth to the naked eye).
Arrangement
Alternate along the stem; often forming a basal rosette when young.
Rarity
Very Common; widely naturalized and intentionally planted as a forage crop.
Color & Pattern
Medium green leaflets, each marked with a distinctive pale, whitish or light-green 'V' or chevron pattern on the upper surface. No variegation on the underside.
Venation Pattern
Pinnate with veins ending at the margin; veins are parallel and mostly straight from the midrib.
Texture & Surface
Softly pubescent (hairy) on both surfaces and along the margins, giving it a slightly fuzzy, matte appearance.
Description
Red Clover is a herbaceous perennial characterized by its vibrant pink-to-purple globe-shaped flower heads and its trifoliate leaves with signature white chevrons. The plant grows in clumps with hairy stems that can reach up to 20-30 inches in height. It produces dense, terminal inflorescences made of dozens of small tubular flowers.
Key Features
Trifoliate leaves with a white 'V' chevron on each leaflet; hairy stems; pinkish-purple globose flower heads; presence of stipules at the base of the leaf stalk.
Habitat
Found in meadows, pastures, fields, roadsides, and lawns. Prefers well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade.
Geographic Range
Native to Europe, Western Asia, and Northwest Africa. Widely naturalized throughout North America and other temperate regions worldwide.
Condition Notes
The leaves in the image appear healthy (Excellent grade), showing vibrant green color and clear chevron markings, with no significant insect herbivory or fungal spotting.
Interesting Facts
It is the state flower of Vermont. Red Clover is a nitrogen-fixer, meaning it improves soil health. It has a high protein content making it excellent fodder for livestock and is a favorite of bumblebees.
Medicinal & Uses
Traditionally used as a tea for respiratory issues and as a source of isoflavones for hormonal balance. Edible leaves and flowers can be used in salads or as a garnish. Timber value is none, but high agricultural value for soil enrichment.
Ecological Role
Significant pollinator plant, particularly for long-tongued bees. Improves soil nitrogen via symbiotic bacteria in root nodules. Used for soil stabilization.
Similar Species
White Clover (Trifolium repens) - has white flowers and creeping stems (stolons), usually hairless. Crimson Clover (Trifolium incarnatum) - has deeper red, elongated flower heads.
Foraging Tips
Look for the white chevrons on the leaves to distinguish from other clover species. Flowers are best harvested when they are vibrant pink; avoid brown or wilting heads. Ensure the area is not treated with pesticides.
Toxicity Warning
Generally non-toxic and edible. However, it can cause 'slobbers' in livestock if infected with specific fungi, and contains coumarins which may act as blood thinners in high concentrations.