Black Cherry, Wild Black Cherry, Mountain Black Cherry, Rum Cherry
Kingdom: Plantae, Division: Magnoliophyta, Class: Magnoliopsida, Order: Rosales, Family: Rosaceae, Genus: Prunus, Species: serotina · Rosaceae (Rose family) · Simple, deciduous
Species
Prunus serotina
Leaf Type
Simple, deciduous
Family
Rosaceae (Rose family)
Shape
Ovate to lanceolate, with an oblong-elliptic form
Size
Approximately 2-5 inches in length and 1-2 inches in width; typical for a mature specimen of this species.
Margin
Serrulate (finely toothed) with small incurved teeth
Arrangement
Alternate
Rarity
Very Common throughout its native range.
Color & Pattern
Dark green and shiny on the upper surface, paler green beneath; midrib on the lower surface often has a fringe of rusty-brown hairs near the base.
Venation Pattern
Pinnate venation with a prominent central midrib and secondary veins curving toward the margin.
Texture & Surface
Glabrous (smooth) and somewhat leathery (coriaceous) on the upper surface; the lower surface may have pubescence along the midrib.
Description
The Black Cherry is a fast-growing, long-lived deciduous tree reaching heights of 60-100 feet. It is famous for its dark, scaly bark (often described as looking like burnt cornflakes) and its high-quality timber. In spring, it produces drooping racemes of small white flowers, followed by small, dark purple-black stone fruits in late summer.
Key Features
Finely serrated leaf margins with incurved teeth; two small reddish glands on the petiole near the leaf base; rusty-brown hairs along the midrib on the leaf's underside.
Habitat
Thrives in a variety of environments including deciduous forests, old fields, and fence rows; prefers well-drained, moist, fertile soils.
Geographic Range
Native to eastern North America, from eastern Canada south to Florida and west to Texas; also found in parts of Mexico and Guatemala.
Condition Notes
The specimen appears to be in Good condition, showing a healthy deep green color and consistent margin structure, though it has been removed from the branch.
Interesting Facts
The wood is highly prized by cabinetmakers and furniture manufacturers for its rich color and grain. The fruit is historically used to flavor 'Cherry Bounce' (a brandy-based drink) and jellies. The tree is a primary host for the Eastern Tent Caterpillar.
Medicinal & Uses
Traditionally, the inner bark was used in cough syrups and tonics. Modern use is primarily for high-end furniture, flooring, and veneer. The fruit is edible when ripe but contains a large pit.
Ecological Role
High wildlife value; the fruits are a critical food source for numerous bird species and mammals. It serves as a host plant for several species of butterflies and moths.
Similar Species
Pin Cherry (Prunus pensylvanica) which has more lance-shaped leaves and red fruit, and Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) which has wider leaves and sharper teeth.
Foraging Tips
Look for the 'burnt cornflakes' bark texture on mature trees. Identify by the twin glands on the petiole and the almond-like scent of crushed leaves or twigs. Harvest fruit only when deep purple-black and soft.
Toxicity Warning
The wilted leaves, twigs, and pits contain hydrocyanic acid (cyanogenic glycosides) and are highly toxic to livestock and humans if ingested. Toxicity level: Moderately Toxic.