Mango, Common Mango
Kingdom: Plantae; Division: Angiosperms; Class: Eudicots; Order: Sapindales; Family: Anacardiaceae; Genus: Mangifera; Species: Mangifera indica · Anacardiaceae (Cashew or Sumac family) · Simple, evergreen perennial
Species
Mangifera indica
Leaf Type
Simple, evergreen perennial
Family
Anacardiaceae (Cashew or Sumac family)
Shape
Oblong-lanceolate to elliptical
Size
Approximately 4-6 inches in this juvenile specimen; mature leaves typically range from 6-16 inches long.
Margin
Entire but often wavy (undulate)
Arrangement
Alternate, often appearing in clusters or whorls at the tips of branches
Rarity
Very Common (extensively cultivated worldwide as a fruit crop and ornamental).
Color & Pattern
Deep green upper surface, slightly paler underside; new growth often emerges with a characteristic coppery, reddish, or purple hue before maturing to dark green.
Venation Pattern
Pinnate with a prominent yellowish midrib and numerous secondary veins extending to the margins.
Texture & Surface
Leathery (coriaceous) and glossy on the upper surface; smooth (glabrous).
Description
The Mango is a large, spreading evergreen tree known for its dense canopy and delicious stone fruit. In its juvenile stage, as seen here, it exhibits stiff, leathery leaves with distinctive secondary venation. As the tree matures, it can reach heights of 60-100 feet. It produces small, fragrant, yellowish-pink flowers in terminal panicles, followed by the iconic fleshy drupe.
Key Features
Crushed leaves often emit a distinct turpentine-like or resinous citrus scent; prominent midrib; wavy margins; pinkish-red new growth; terminal growth habit.
Habitat
Tropical and subtropical climates; prefers deep, well-drained, sandy loam soils with full sun exposure.
Geographic Range
Native to South Asia (India and Myanmar); widely naturalized and cultivated across tropical regions of the Americas, Africa, and Oceania.
Condition Notes
The specimen appears to be in Good condition with high turgidity. There are minor signs of mechanical damage or insect herbivory (notches on the leaf edges) and some light spotting on the lower leaves. Water droplets suggest recent watering or rain.
Interesting Facts
The Mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan, and the Philippines. Some specimen trees are known to still produce fruit after 300 years. It is closely related to cashews, pistachios, and even poison ivy.
Medicinal & Uses
Widely used for its edible fruit; timber is used for furniture and flooring in some regions. Historically, various parts have been used in Ayurvedic medicine for digestive and skin issues.
Ecological Role
Provides significant food for fruit bats, birds, and mammals. Flowers are a major nectar source for bees and flies.
Similar Species
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) - leaves are more obovate/rounded; Avocado (Persea americana) - leaves lack the resinous smell and have different venation.
Foraging Tips
In tropical areas, look for the 'turpentine' smell of the leaves and the remains of fibrous husks beneath the tree. Young grafted trees are often found in black nursery pots like the one pictured.
Toxicity Warning
Moderately Toxic. The sap, skin of the fruit, and leaves contain urushiol (the same allergen found in poison ivy). Contact can cause dermatitis in sensitive individuals; smoke from burning wood is also irritating.