Tree of Heaven
Ailanthus altissima · Simaroubaceae (Quassia or Simarouba family)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrect
Leaf Morphology
Leaf Type
Pinnately compound leaf with typically 11 to 25 leaflets, deciduous
Shape
Lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate leaflets with distinctive glandular teeth near the base
Margin
Entire (smooth), except for 1 to 3 distinct glandular teeth near the base of each leaflet
Arrangement
Alternate arrangement of compound leaves on the stem; leaflets within the compound leaf are arranged oppositely or sub-oppositely
Venation
Pinnate venation with a prominent central midrib and looping secondary veins extending toward the margins
Key Features
Pinnately compound leaves, distinctive foul odor when crushed, glandular teeth at the base of each leaflet, and large clusters of twisted samaras
Description
Ailanthus altissima is a fast-growing deciduous tree known for its ability to quickly colonize disturbed areas. It features smooth gray bark, large tropical-looking compound leaves, and produces large clusters of winged seeds (samaras). When crushed, the leaves and stems emit a characteristic, often unpleasant odor reminiscent of rancid peanut butter or cashews.
Habitat
Highly adaptable, thriving in disturbed soils, urban environments, vacant lots, along roadways, and forest edges; prefers full sun and can tolerate poor soils and drought
Native Range
Native to central and northern China as well as Taiwan; introduced globally and now considered a widespread invasive species across North America, Europe, and parts of Australia