Winged Sumac, also known as Shining Sumac or Flameleaf Sumac
Kingdom: Plantae, Division: Tracheophyta, Class: Magnoliopsida, Order: Sapindales, Family: Anacardiaceae, Genus: Rhus, Species: Rhus copallinum · Anacardiaceae (Cashew or Sumac family) · Pinnately compound, deciduous
Species
Rhus copallinum
Leaf Type
Pinnately compound, deciduous
Family
Anacardiaceae (Cashew or Sumac family)
Shape
Oblanceolate to oblong-lanceolate leaflets, typically 9 to 21 leaflets per leaf
Size
Leaflets are approximately 1.5 to 3 inches long and 0.75 to 1.5 inches wide. The overall compound leaf can reach 6 to 12 inches in length.
Margin
Entire to slightly serrate near the apex
Arrangement
Alternate
Rarity
Very Common
Color & Pattern
Vibrant medium to dark green upper surface with lighter green undersides. The rachis (central stalk) features distinct winged margins, which are green turning reddish. In autumn, the leaves turn a brilliant, fiery red.
Venation Pattern
Pinnate venation with a prominent, slightly reddish midrib and lateral veins
Texture & Surface
Smooth and glossy on the upper adaxial surface, slightly paler and sometimes pubescent on the lower abaxial surface
Description
Rhus copallinum, commonly known as winged sumac, is a large deciduous shrub or small tree. It features striking dark green compound leaves with a uniquely winged central stem. In late summer, it produces dense, upright clusters of greenish-white flowers followed by fuzzy, dark red drupes that persist through winter and provide vital food for wildlife. Its autumn foliage is exceptionally vivid, glowing in shades of bright red and orange.
Key Features
The most diagnostic feature is the winged rachis—the green, leaf-like tissue running along the central stem between the leaflets. Additionally, the glossy dark green leaflets and bright red autumn color help distinguish it from other sumacs.
Habitat
Dry, open woods, clearings, old fields, and along roadsides. Prefers poor, well-drained soils and full sun exposure.
Geographic Range
Native to eastern and central North America, ranging from Maine west to southern Ontario and Iowa, and south to Florida and eastern Texas
Condition Notes
The leaf appears healthy, vibrant green, and well-developed with typical summer maturity, showing minor natural surface variations but no significant disease or severe insect damage, graded as Good to Excellent.
Interesting Facts
The clusters of red berries can be used to make a refreshing, tart beverage reminiscent of pink lemonade, often referred to as sumac-ade. The plant has historically been utilized by Native American tribes for medicinal remedies and as a dye source.
Medicinal & Uses
Parts of the plant have been used traditionally to treat dysentery, coughs, and sore throats. The bark and leaves contain high levels of tannin, historically useful for leather tanning. The shrub is also valuable in landscaping for erosion control and wildlife gardens.
Ecological Role
Winged sumac is an exceptional plant for wildlife, providing food and cover for numerous bird species and small mammals. Its flowers are highly attractive to native bees, wasps, and other beneficial insect pollinators.
Similar Species
Smooth Sumac (Rhus glabra) and Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina). Unlike winged sumac, these species lack the distinctly winged leaf rachis. Staghorn sumac is also heavily pubescent or 'fuzzy' on the stems.
Foraging Tips
Look for winged sumac along forest edges, highway verges, and disturbed soils during spring and summer. The winged stem is the absolute giveaway. The fruit clusters can be gathered in late summer and autumn.
Toxicity Warning
Non-toxic. Unlike Poison Ivy or Poison Sumac (Toxicodendron vernix, which has white berries and smooth margins), Rhus copallinum is non-toxic and safe to handle, though individuals with severe Anacardiaceae sensitivities should always exercise caution.