Common Yarrow (also known as Milfoil, Bloodwort, Woundwort)
Kingdom: Plantae, Division: Tracheophyta, Class: Magnoliopsida, Order: Asterales, Family: Asteraceae, Genus: Achillea, Species: A. millefolium · Asteraceae (Aster, Daisy, or Sunflower family) · Compound (bipinnately or tripinnately divided, fern-like)
Species
Achillea millefolium
Leaf Type
Compound (bipinnately or tripinnately divided, fern-like)
Family
Asteraceae (Aster, Daisy, or Sunflower family)
Shape
Linear to lanceolate in overall outline, heavily and finely divided into numerous tiny segments
Size
Basal leaves are typically 3-6 inches (7.5-15 cm) long and about 1 inch wide, while stem leaves are progressively smaller.
Margin
Finely serrate to dissected/lobed with tiny, pointed segments along the feathery divisions
Arrangement
Alternate along the upright stems, often forming a dense basal rosette in early growth or disturbed soils as seen here
Rarity
Very Common
Color & Pattern
Vibrant medium to dark green, sometimes with a grayish-green cast due to fine hairs; uniform coloration without variegation
Venation Pattern
Pinnate with a central midrib branching into the fine leaflets, though largely obscured by the extreme dissection of the leaf blade
Texture & Surface
Pubescent (hairy), soft, and somewhat woolly or aromatic when crushed
Description
Common Yarrow is a hardy perennial herbaceous plant characterized by its distinctly feathery, fern-like foliage growing in a low basal rosette before sending up stiff, upright flowering stems. The plant produces flat-topped clusters of small white to pinkish flowers during the summer months. Its aromatic foliage and deeply divided leaves make it instantly recognizable.
Key Features
Extremely finely divided, fern-like leaves that are aromatic when crushed, coupled with a growth habit forming dense mats or basal rosettes in disturbed areas
Habitat
Fields, meadows, pastures, waste places, roadsides, and disturbed gravelly soils; thrives in full sun and well-drained soil
Geographic Range
Widespread native throughout the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in North America, Europe, and Asia, and naturalized globally
Condition Notes
The plant appears healthy and vigorous, showing lush green growth with no obvious signs of disease, severe insect damage, or chlorosis, graded as Excellent
Interesting Facts
Named after the Greek hero Achilles, who reportedly used the plant to treat the wounds of his soldiers during the Trojan War. It has a rich history of folklore and was traditionally called 'nosebleed' because the dried leaves were used to stop minor nasal bleeding.
Medicinal & Uses
Historically used as a styptic to stop bleeding from wounds, as well as an herbal tea to reduce fevers and aid digestion. Also planted in gardens as an ornamental and companion plant to attract beneficial predatory insects.
Ecological Role
Serves as an important nectar plant for numerous beneficial insects, including predatory wasps, butterflies, and bees. Its deep roots help stabilize disturbed soils.
Similar Species
Can be superficially confused with certain ferns or other Asteraceae with finely divided leaves like Anthemis cotula (Stinking Chamomile), but yarrow is distinguished by its distinct, pleasant, medicinal aroma when crushed.
Foraging Tips
Look for the characteristic feathery, soft foliage in fields, along gravel paths, and disturbed waste areas from spring through autumn. Always ensure positive identification before consuming or using medicinally.
Toxicity Warning
Non-toxic to humans in moderate culinary or herbal amounts, but large doses can cause headaches or dizziness. Can be toxic in large quantities to livestock such as horses and cattle.