Motherwort, Lion's Tail, Throw-wort
Kingdom: Plantae; Division: Magnoliophyta; Class: Magnoliopsida; Order: Lamiales; Family: Lamiaceae; Genus: Leonurus; Species: Leonurus cardiaca · Lamiaceae (Mint family) · Simple, deciduous; distinctively lobed.
Species
Leonurus cardiaca
Leaf Type
Simple, deciduous; distinctively lobed.
Family
Lamiaceae (Mint family)
Shape
Palmately lobed. Lower leaves are broad-ovate with three to seven lobes; upper leaves (bracts) are more lanceolate or three-lobed.
Size
Leaves vary from 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) in length. Lower leaves are wider, while upper leaves are narrow and more pointed.
Margin
Serrate (coarsely toothed) along the margins of the lobes.
Arrangement
Opposite; leaves are positioned in pairs along a distinctively square stem.
Rarity
Common; widely distributed and easily found in temperate regions.
Color & Pattern
Dull dark green on the upper surface, paler grayish-green underneath. Some leaves in the image show signs of chlorosis or powdery mildew (white dusting).
Venation Pattern
Palmate venation at the base, becoming more pinnate along the individual lobes.
Texture & Surface
Pubescent (downy/hairy) on both sides, giving it a slightly soft but rough feel. The stems are also notably hairy.
Description
An upright perennial herb reaching 2-5 feet. It features square stems and small, pink-to-lilac fuzzy flowers that grow in whorls in the leaf axils. The foliage has a bitter taste and a slightly pungent scent when crushed.
Key Features
Square stems characteristic of the mint family; palmately lobed leaves resembling a maple leaf but smaller; fuzzy purple/pink flowers in axillary whorls.
Habitat
Disturbed areas, roadsides, waste ground, and edges of meadows. Prefers well-drained soil and partial shade to full sun.
Geographic Range
Native to Central Europe and Asia; widely naturalized across North America where it is often considered an introduced weed.
Condition Notes
The specimen shows some white powdery patches on the lower leaves, likely Powdery Mildew. Some lower leaves are yellowing (senescent or nutrient-deprived). Overall health is Fair.
Interesting Facts
The genus name 'Leonurus' means 'Lion's Tail,' referring to the shape of the inflorescence. It has been used since ancient times for heart-related conditions, hence 'cardiaca'.
Medicinal & Uses
Used in herbalism as a nervine and for heart palpitations or menstrual regulation. The plant is extremely bitter and usually taken as a tincture or tea. Always consult a professional before use.
Ecological Role
Highly attractive to bees, especially bumblebees, who frequent the small nectar-rich flowers. It provides nectar when many other plants have finished blooming.
Similar Species
Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) has similar leaf shapes but silvery undersides; Nettle (Urtica dioica) has stinging hairs and unlobed leaves.
Foraging Tips
Look for square stems and the distinct three-pointed upper leaves. Best harvested just as flowering begins in mid-to-late summer.
Toxicity Warning
Generally safe in moderation but Moderately Toxic in high doses. Avoid during pregnancy as it can stimulate uterine contractions. May cause photosensitivity in some individuals.