Autumn Olive
Elaeagnus umbellata · Elaeagnaceae (Oleaster family)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrect
Leaf Morphology
Leaf Type
Simple, deciduous
Shape
Elliptical to ovate
Margin
Entire (smooth) and slightly wavy
Arrangement
Alternate
Venation
Pinnate with a prominent whitish midrib and arching lateral veins
Key Features
Distinguished primarily by the alternate elliptical leaves with entire margins, prominent silvery scales on the undersides (giving a frosted or metallic appearance), silvery-dotted upper surfaces, and small twiggy thorns
Description
Autumn olive is a deciduous shrub or small tree that can grow up to 15 to 20 feet tall, forming dense, multi-stemmed thickets. The branches often feature small thorns or sharp twigs. It produces small, fragrant, yellowish-white flowers in the spring followed by abundant round, red, speckled berries in the autumn that are speckled with silvery scales. The foliage is notable for the striking silvery contrast between the upper and lower leaf surfaces.
Habitat
Found in disturbed areas, old fields, forest edges, open woodlands, and along roadsides. Prefers full sun to partial shade and adapts well to poor, dry, or nutrient-deficient soils due to its nitrogen-fixing capabilities
Native Range
Native to eastern Asia (China, Japan, Korea). Widely introduced and naturalized across eastern and central North America, where it is frequently classified as an invasive species