Leaf Morphology
Leaf Type
Simple, evergreen
Shape
Oblovate to elliptic with undulate margins
Margin
Spinose-dentate with prominent spiny teeth
Arrangement
Alternate on stems
Venation
Pinnate with a prominent midrib and obscure lateral veins
Key Features
Dull to glossy dark green leathery blade with distinct spiny marginal teeth and a wavy outline.
Description
An evergreen tree or large shrub featuring smooth gray bark, small greenish-white flowers, and bright red spherical drupes persisting through winter.
Habitat
Understory of deciduous or mixed forests, thriving in moist, acidic, well-drained soils and partial shade.
Native Range
Native to the eastern and south-central United States, widely planted in temperate landscapes.
Identified on 10/17/2026