Black-eyed Susan, Brown-eyed Susan, Black-eyed Rudbeckia
Kingdom: Plantae; Division: Magnoliophyta; Class: Magnoliopsida; Order: Asterales; Family: Asteraceae; Genus: Rudbeckia; Species: Rudbeckia hirta · Asteraceae (Daisy or Sunflower family) · Simple; typically deciduous biennial or short-lived perennial.
Species
Rudbeckia hirta
Leaf Type
Simple; typically deciduous biennial or short-lived perennial.
Family
Asteraceae (Daisy or Sunflower family)
Shape
Lanceolate to ovate. Generally elliptical with leaves becoming narrower and smaller higher up the stem.
Size
Approximately 3-7 inches in length. Basal leaves are larger and broader, while cauline (stem) leaves are smaller and more lance-shaped.
Margin
Entire to coarsly serrate (toothed). Margin texture is often rough due to stiff hairs.
Arrangement
Alternate along the stem; often forming a basal rosette in the first year of growth.
Rarity
Very Common; a staple of North American wildflower meadows and garden borders.
Color & Pattern
Deep green upper surface, slightly paler green below. No variegation. High contrast against the bright yellow/gold ray florets of the flower.
Venation Pattern
Pinnate; featuring a prominent light-colored midrib and smaller lateral veins.
Texture & Surface
Coarsely pubescent (bristly or hairy) on both sides, giving it a rough, sandpaper-like feel.
Description
A cheerful, upright herbaceous plant known for its daisy-like flowers with golden-yellow rays and a dark brown, conical center. The stems are sturdy and covered in stiff hairs, as are the elongated green leaves. It blooms profusely from mid-summer until frost.
Key Features
Bristly/hairy 'sandpaper' texture on stems and leaves; dark chocolate-brown 'cone' center; bright yellow-orange ray petals.
Habitat
Prairies, open woodlands, meadows, pastures, and roadsides. They prefer full sun and well-drained soil.
Geographic Range
Native to North America, widely naturalized throughout Canada and the United States. Widely cultivated globally as an ornamental.
Condition Notes
The leaves in the image appear in Excellent health, exhibiting vibrant green color with no visible powdery mildew or leaf spot which can occasionally affect the genus in humid conditions.
Interesting Facts
It is the state flower of Maryland. The genus name 'Rudbeckia' honors the Swedish botanists Olaus Rudbeck and his son. It is a pioneer species, often one of the first plants to grow in areas cleared by fire or construction.
Medicinal & Uses
Traditionally used by Native American tribes like the Ojibwa as a poultice for snake bites and in tea for colds. Frequently used in modern landscaping for its drought tolerance and pollinator appeal.
Ecological Role
High ecological value; serves as a vital nectar source for bees (like the bumblebee pictured), butterflies, and hoverflies. Goldfinches and other birds eat the seeds in winter.
Similar Species
Rudbeckia fulgida (perennial, smoother leaves) and Echinacea (Coneflowers, usually purple or pink petals and spikier centers).
Foraging Tips
Look for this plant in sunny meadows during late summer. While not typically used as a food source, the seeds can be collected in autumn for garden planting.
Toxicity Warning
Mildly Toxic; leaves and stems can cause skin irritation (dermatitis) in sensitive individuals due to the stiff hairs. Generally safe but not for human consumption.