American Holly
Ilex opaca · Aquifoliaceae (Holly family)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrect
Leaf Morphology
Leaf Type
Simple, evergreen leaf
Shape
Oblong to elliptic with spiny-toothed lobes, typically featuring 1 to several spiny teeth per side
Margin
Spinose-serrate (spiny-toothed with stiff, sharp points)
Arrangement
Alternate
Venation
Pinnate venation with a prominent midrib extending to the apex
Key Features
Dull (not glossy) dark green leathery leaves with spiny-toothed margins, distinctive persistent red drupes on female trees, and smooth gray bark
Description
The American Holly is a medium-sized, slow-growing evergreen tree known for its spiny, leathery green leaves and bright red berries that persist through winter. It features smooth light gray bark and a dense, pyramidal crown, making it a classic symbol of the winter holiday season.
Habitat
Understory tree in moist hardwood forests, swamp borders, and lowland areas, thriving in acidic, well-draining soils under partial shade to full sun
Native Range
Native to the eastern and south-central United States, ranging from coastal Massachusetts south to Florida and west to eastern Texas and Missouri