Black Cherry, Wild Black Cherry, Mountain Black Cherry
Kingdom: Plantae, Division: Magnoliophyta, Class: Magnoliopsida, Order: Rosales, Family: Rosaceae, Genus: Prunus, Species: Prunus serotina · Rosaceae (Rose family) · Simple, deciduous
Species
Prunus serotina; Confidence Level: 85% based on leaf morphology and serration.
Leaf Type
Simple, deciduous
Family
Rosaceae (Rose family)
Shape
Ovate to lanceolate (narrowly oval)
Size
Approximately 2.5-3.5 inches long in the image; typical range is 2-5 inches in length and 1-2 inches in width.
Margin
Finely serrate with incurved teeth (callose-tipped)
Arrangement
Alternate
Rarity
Very Common
Color & Pattern
Deep forest green upper surface with a lighter yellowish-green underside. No variegation present; some darkening near the midrib is visible.
Venation Pattern
Pinnate with a prominent midrib and secondary veins that curve upward toward the margin.
Texture & Surface
Smooth and somewhat glossy on the upper surface (glabrous); slightly leathery texture.
Description
This leaf belongs to a medium-to-large fast-growing tree known for its distinctive 'burnt cornflakes' bark in maturity. The foliage is lush and dark green throughout the summer, turning vibrant shades of yellow and red in the autumn. It produces drooping clusters of small white flowers in spring, followed by dark purple-black stone fruits.
Key Features
The most diagnostic feature is the presence of fine, incurved teeth along the margin and often a fringe of rusty-brown hairs along the midrib on the underside (though not clearly visible in this top-down photo).
Habitat
Found in a variety of environments including deciduous forests, fields, and fencerows. Prefers deep, moist, fertile soils but is highly adaptable.
Geographic Range
Native to Eastern North America from eastern Canada through the United States to Central America.
Condition Notes
Fair to Good. The leaf shows significant mechanical damage or herbivory (insect chewing) on the right side and near the base, though the remaining tissue appears healthy and vibrant green.
Interesting Facts
The wood is highly prized for high-end furniture and cabinetry due to its rich color and grain. While the fruit is edible, the wilted leaves can be toxic to livestock because they contain cyanogenic glycosides.
Medicinal & Uses
Historically, the bark was used in cough syrups and tonics. Today, it is primarily used for its high-value timber and for making jams or jellies from the fruit. The fruit is also used to flavor brandies and sodas.
Ecological Role
High wildlife value; the fruits are a primary food source for many bird species and mammals. It serves as a host plant for the Eastern Tiger Swallowtail butterfly.
Similar Species
Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) which has sharper, non-incurved teeth; Black Birch (Betula lenta) which has doubly serrate margins and a wintergreen scent in the twigs.
Foraging Tips
Look for the distinctive scales of bark on older trees. Foraging for fruit is best in late summer (August-September). Use a field guide to confirm the presence of two small glands on the petiole near the leaf base.
Toxicity Warning
Moderately Toxic. The seeds (pits), twigs, and especially wilted leaves contain hydrocyanic acid and should never be consumed. The fleshy fruit is safe once the pit is removed.