Leaf Morphology
Leaf Type
Simple, deciduous
Shape
Ovate to broadly ovate, sometimes lobed (often with 1-3 lobes on younger or vigorous shoots)
Margin
Serrate (coarsely and sharply toothed)
Arrangement
Alternate
Venation
Palmate venation radiating prominently from the base, with a prominent yellowish midrib and primary veins.
Key Features
Rough, sandpapery upper leaf surface; coarsely toothed margins; palmate venation; milky sap present in twigs; highly variable leaf shapes on the same tree (unlobed vs. lobed).
Description
Morus rubra, the Red Mulberry, is a medium-sized deciduous tree reaching heights of 30 to 50 feet with a dense, rounded crown. The bark is reddish-brown and furrowed with scaly plates. It produces inconspicuous greenish flowers in spring, followed by juicy, aggregate fruits resembling blackberries that turn from red to dark purple-black when ripe. The leaves are notable for their variable shape and rough texture.
Habitat
Found in rich, moist deciduous forests, floodplains, along streams, and forest edges. Prefers well-drained soils and partial to full sun.
Native Range
Native to eastern and central North America, ranging from southern Ontario and New England south to Florida, and west to Texas and Nebraska.