Common Lilac (Standard Lilac, French Lilac)
Kingdom: Plantae, Division: Angiosperms, Class: Eudicots, Order: Lamiales, Family: Oleaceae, Genus: Syringa, Species: Syringa vulgaris · Oleaceae (Olive family) · Simple, Deciduous
Species
Syringa vulgaris
Leaf Type
Simple, Deciduous
Family
Oleaceae (Olive family)
Shape
Ovate to Cordate (Heart-shaped)
Size
Approximately 2 to 5 inches long and nearly as wide; the specimen appears to be around 3 inches, consistent with mature leaves.
Margin
Entire (smooth, without teeth)
Arrangement
Opposite (arranged in pairs along the stem)
Rarity
Very Common; a staple ornamental shrub in temperate climates.
Color & Pattern
Uniform dark green on the upper surface, slightly paler green on the underside. No variegation or spots present in this specimen. Autumn color is usually a dull yellow to brown.
Venation Pattern
Pinnate; secondary veins curve toward the leaf tip, slightly visible midrib.
Texture & Surface
Smooth (glabrous) and slightly leathery to the touch; matte to semi-glossy finish.
Description
This leaf belongs to a multi-stemmed deciduous shrub that grows 8-15 feet tall. The plant is famous for its highly fragrant, conical clusters (panicles) of purple, lavender, or white flowers that bloom in late spring. The bark is gray-brown and becomes flaky or shredded on older stems.
Key Features
Distinct heart-shaped base, smooth margins, opposite leaf arrangement, and lack of serration.
Habitat
Thrives in well-drained, neutral to slightly alkaline soils; prefers full sun for optimal blooming. Found in gardens, old homesteads, and occasionally naturalized along edges.
Geographic Range
Native to the Balkan Peninsula in Southeastern Europe; widely naturalized across temperate North America, Europe, and Asia.
Condition Notes
The leaf appears healthy and mature with an 'Excellent' health grade. There is no evidence of powdery mildew, which is a common fungal issue for this species.
Interesting Facts
The name Lilac comes from the Persian word 'nilak' meaning 'light blue'. It is the state flower of New Hampshire and symbolizes first love in the language of flowers.
Medicinal & Uses
Primarily used as an ornamental landscaping plant. Historically, lilac flowers were used to treat fever and as a tonic, though it is not commonly used in modern medicine. The wood is dense and has been used for small carvings and tool handles.
Ecological Role
Provides nectar for butterflies and moths, particularly hawkmoths and swallowtails. It offers cover for songbirds.
Similar Species
Catalpa (much larger leaves), Redbud (similar shape but alternate arrangement), and Mock Orange (serrated edges).
Foraging Tips
Look for shrubs with multiple greyish upright trunks in sunny areas near old buildings. The fragrance in May or June is the best field indicator.
Toxicity Warning
Non-toxic to humans, cats, and dogs. However, ingestion of any non-food plant may cause mild stomach upset.