Autumn Olive
Elaeagnus umbellata · Elaeagnaceae (Oleaster family)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrect
Leaf Morphology
Leaf Type
Simple, deciduous
Shape
Elliptical to ovate with an acute apex and rounded to cuneate base
Margin
Entire (smooth) with slightly wavy or rolled edges
Arrangement
Alternate on the stem
Venation
Pinnate with a prominent midrib and faint secondary veins
Key Features
Distinctive silvery-white lower leaf surfaces covered in tiny scales; speckled red berries in autumn; alternative leaf arrangement; thorny or twiggy branches; fragrant pale yellow flowers
Description
Autumn Olive is a large, multi-stemmed deciduous shrub or small tree that can grow up to 15 to 20 feet tall. It features dark branches that often bear sharp thorns. In spring, it produces small, highly fragrant yellowish-white flowers that attract numerous pollinators. These are followed by abundant round, silvery fruits that ripen to a speckled red color in autumn. The shrub is easily recognized year-round by the distinctive silvery scales covering its leaves, stems, and fruits.
Habitat
Disturbed areas, old fields, forest edges, roadsides, and open woods; highly adaptable, tolerates poor soils, drought, and partial shade
Native Range
Native to eastern Asia (China, Japan, Korea). Widely introduced and naturalized in North America, often considered invasive in many eastern and Midwestern states