Japanese Zelkova, Keyaki
Kingdom: Plantae, Division: Angiosperms, Class: Eudicots, Order: Rosales, Family: Ulmaceae, Genus: Zelkova, Species: Zelkova serrata · Ulmaceae (Elm family) · Simple, deciduous
Species
Zelkova serrata
Leaf Type
Simple, deciduous
Family
Ulmaceae (Elm family)
Shape
Ovate to oblong-ovate with an acuminate (pointed) tip
Size
Approximately 2.5-3.5 inches long and 1-1.5 inches wide, which falls within the typical species range of 1 to 5 inches.
Margin
Consistently and sharply serrate with coarse, upward-pointing teeth; unlike elms, it is usually singly serrated.
Arrangement
Alternate
Rarity
Common (frequently used in urban landscaping and parks as a substitute for the American Elm).
Color & Pattern
Medium to dark green upper surface; autumn colors vary from yellow to bronze or rusty red. The specimen shows a uniform green color with a tiny dark spot that may be minor mechanical damage or fungal spotting.
Venation Pattern
Pinnate with parallel secondary veins extending directly to the tips of the marginal teeth.
Texture & Surface
Relatively smooth to slightly rough (scabrous) on top; glabrous or nearly so on the underside.
Description
A medium to large deciduous tree known for its graceful vase-shaped habit and attractive exfoliating bark that reveals orange inner layers. The leaves are smaller and more delicate than many elms, providing a fine-textured canopy that turns brilliant colors in the fall.
Key Features
Sharply serrate margins with teeth that look like small hooks; symmetrical leaf base (distinguishing it from the asymmetrical base of true elms); pinnate veins ending exactly at tooth tips.
Habitat
Thrives in moist, well-drained loams in full sun; very adaptable to urban conditions including wind and pollution.
Geographic Range
Native to Japan, Korea, and Eastern China; widely introduced as an ornamental shade tree in North America and Europe.
Condition Notes
Good condition; the leaf is vibrant and intact with a healthy green color. One small necrotic spot is visible, likely a minor leaf spot fungus or insect bite, but not indicative of overall poor health.
Interesting Facts
The wood is highly prized in Japan for building temples and making traditional taiko drums. It was heavily promoted in the West as a replacement for the American Elm because it is highly resistant to Dutch Elm Disease.
Medicinal & Uses
Used primarily as an ornamental shade tree and for bonsai. The timber is hard, heavy, and durable, used for fine furniture and cabinetry.
Ecological Role
Provides cover and nesting sites for birds; the small winged seeds (drupes) are eaten by various birds and small mammals.
Similar Species
American Elm (Ulmus americana) - has asymmetrical bases and doubly serrated margins. Chinese Elm (Ulmus parvifolia) - has smaller, thicker leaves with blunter teeth.
Foraging Tips
Look for the vase-like structure of the tree in urban parks. Check the bark; if it is peeling to show orange patches and the leaves have simple, sharp teeth, it is likely a Zelkova.
Toxicity Warning
Non-toxic to humans and common pets like dogs and cats.